Regarding the future
Will one company (Monsanto) control all the world’s agricultural seed supply through it’s patents?
No, because then it would be a monopoly and broken up.

Resource sustainability– How do we raise living standards for the other 80% of the world? We don’t have the resources to produce 6 times as much stuff if we use the same methods we have used in the industrialized countries. How do we deal with it?
Do we even want the same things anymore? Why buy a cd/blue ray when you can download/stream it? E-books save on paper and apps have replaced many many things for people. Not that smartphones and tech in general doesnt take resources, it certainly does. But once the technology plateaus a bit people will be willing to use a product for longer conserving those resources.

Rising Income Inequality – In the industrialized nations (especially the U.S.), the last 30 years have seen rising income inequality and flat-growth in real income for the middle class. How long can this continue? What will cause a change? Will we see a return to new-feudal age?
I think we’re already in a neofeudal age. Companies can refuse to hire you if you engage in legal activities on your own time. For example sparrow wont hire cigarette smokers even if they dont smoke on the job. People with prescriptions like Aderral, vicodin and marijuana might not be hired if they do a drug test. Why is your medical history required to work? At least most feudal systems had an upper 10ish% instead of a 1%. But I think thats what the 2016 election shows: That a change is coming. Both Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders attract people who see the system as rigged and want to overturn it. Coincidentally both do well with younger voters who will eventually take over power. America swings way right then way left with brief intervals of sanity.